La commémoration des "mauvais morts" au sein des sanctuaires spontanés numériques

International audienceCette contribution montre comment les internautes investissent les médias participatifs, durant le traitement médiatique des tueries dans les écoles, pour publier des montages audiovisuels et des commentaires en hommage aux " mauvais morts ", aux innocents tués sans raison. L'effervescence participative suscitée par ces événements se traduit par la publication de milliers de commémorations audiovisuelles qui agencent, par exemple au sein de YouTube, une forme de sanctuaire spontané qui peut être qualifiée de numérique. Nous montrons comment l'agencement de ces sanctuaires, grâce aux ressources de la folksonomie, renouvèle les rituels funéraires, notamment les rituels médiatiques grâce auxquels la mémoire des victimes est commémorée

Expressive Violence: The Performative Effects of Subversive Participatory Media Uses

International audienceThis article discusses the communication strategies employed by 8 school shooters who used participatory media to frame their acts as well as their identity. By resorting to content analysis of 78 self-produced videos and 101 portraits, the findings show how audiovisual communication can be used to trigger the performative aspects of cultural scripts of contemporary forms of expressive violence and thus institutionalize a social movement (i.e. school shooting subculture). These proceedings produce association to a subversive movement, providing a political connotation to the act and a renewed positive identity.Cet article analyse les stratégies de communication développées par huit auteurs de fusillades scolaires qui ont utilisés les médias participatifs pour médiatiser leur projet meurtrier et leur identité. Basés sur 78 vidéos et 101 autoportraits photographiques, les résultats révèlent comment ces participations audiovisuelles peuvent être déployées en exploitant les ressorts performatifs du script culturel de ces formes de violence expressive. Les auteurs de fusillade révèlent l’existence d’un mouvement subversif des fusillades scolaires en y associant leur projet de passage à l’acte pour lui confèrer une portée politique et travailler positivement leur identité

: Les mises en scène audiovisuelles des fusillades dans les écoles

International audienceLe présent article décrit la façon dont les auteurs de fusillades dans les écoles ont pu diffuser des vidéos, avant de passer à l'acte, grâce aux ressources des médias participatifs. Ces personnes tentent de « préméditer » leur tuerie en proposant aux entreprises de presse des scénarisations audiovisuelles de leur identité et de leur projet meurtrier. L'analyse détaillée de ces scénarisations révèle comment elles exploitent les ressorts performatifs de slogans ou de référents culturels pour conférer une portée politique à leur passage à l'acte dans la « violence expressive »

Historical collaborative geocoding

The latest developments in digital have provided large data sets that can increasingly easily be accessed and used. These data sets often contain indirect localisation information, such as historical addresses. Historical geocoding is the process of transforming the indirect localisation information to direct localisation that can be placed on a map, which enables spatial analysis and cross-referencing. Many efficient geocoders exist for current addresses, but they do not deal with the temporal aspect and are based on a strict hierarchy (..., city, street, house number) that is hard or impossible to use with historical data. Indeed historical data are full of uncertainties (temporal aspect, semantic aspect, spatial precision, confidence in historical source, ...) that can not be resolved, as there is no way to go back in time to check. We propose an open source, open data, extensible solution for geocoding that is based on the building of gazetteers composed of geohistorical objects extracted from historical topographical maps. Once the gazetteers are available, geocoding an historical address is a matter of finding the geohistorical object in the gazetteers that is the best match to the historical address. The matching criteriae are customisable and include several dimensions (fuzzy semantic, fuzzy temporal, scale, spatial precision ...). As the goal is to facilitate historical work, we also propose web-based user interfaces that help geocode (one address or batch mode) and display over current or historical topographical maps, so that they can be checked and collaboratively edited. The system is tested on Paris city for the 19-20th centuries, shows high returns rate and is fast enough to be used interactively.Comment: WORKING PAPE

Separation Methods hyphenated to Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization of the Protein Glycosylation at the Intact Level

International audienceGlycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins that affects their biological activity, solubility, and half-life. Therefore, its characterization is of great interest in proteomic, particularly from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. However, the number and type of glycosylation sites, the degree of site occupancy and the different possible structures of glycans can lead to a very large number of isoforms for a given protein, called glycoforms. The identification of these glycoforms constitutes an important analytical challenge. Indeed, to attempt to characterize all of them, it is necessary to develop efficient separation methods associated with a sensitive and informative detection mode, such as mass spectrometry (MS). Most analytical methods are based on bottom-up proteomics, which consists in the analysis of the protein at the glycopeptides level after its digestion. Even if this approach provides essential information, including the localization and composition of glycans on the protein, it is also characterized by a loss of information on macro-heterogeneity, i.e. the nature of the glycans present on a given glycoform. The analysis of glycoforms at the intact level can overcome this disadvantage. The aim of this review is to detail the state-of-the art of separation methods that can be easily hyphenated with MS for the characterization of protein glycosylation at the intact level. The different electrophoretic and chromatographic approaches are discussed in detail. The miniaturization of these separation methods is also discussed with their potential applications. While the first studies focused on 2 the development and optimization of the separation step to achieve high resolution between isoforms, the recent ones are much more application-oriented, such as clinical diagnosis, quality control, and glycoprotein monitoring in formulations or biological samples

Trimming a consistent OWL knowledge base, relying on linguistic evidence

International audienceIntuitively absurd but logically consistent sets of statements are common in publicly available OWL datasets. This article proposes an original and fully automated method to point at erroneous axioms in a consistent OWL knowledge base, by weakening it in order to improve its compliance with linguistic evidence gathered from natural language texts. A score for evaluating the compliance of subbases of the input knowledge base is proposed, as well as a trimming algorithm to discard potentially erroneous axioms. The whole approach is evaluated on two real datasets, with automatically retrieved web pages as a linguistic input

Prioritized base Debugging in Description Logics

International audienceThe problem investigated is the identification within an input knowledge base of axioms which should be preferably discarded (or amended) in order to restore consistency, coherence, or get rid of undesired consequences. Most existing strategies for this task in Description Logics rely on conflicts, either computing all minimal conflicts beforehand, or generating conflicts on demand, using diagnosis. The article studies how prioritized base revision can be effectively applied in the former case. The first main contribution is the observation that for each axiom appearing in a minimal conflict, two bases can be obtained for a negligible cost, representing what part of the input knowledge must be preserved if this axiom is discarded or retained respectively, and which may serve as a basis to obtain a semantically motivated preference relation over these axioms. The second main contributions is an algorithm which, assuming this preference relation is known, selects some of the maximal consistent/coherent subsets of the input knowledge base accordingly, without the need to compute all of of them

Distributional semantics for ontology verification

International audienceAs they grow in size, OWL ontologies tend to comprise intuitively incompatible statements,even when they remain logically consistent. This is true in particular of lightweight ontologies, especially the ones which aggregate knowledge from different sources. The article investigates how distributional semantics can help detect and repair violation of common sense in consistent ontologies, based on the identification of consequences which are unlikely to hold if the rest of the ontology does. A score evaluating the plausibility for a consequence to hold with regard to distributional evidence is defined, as well as several methods in order to decide which statements should be preferably amended or discarded. A conclusive evaluation is also provided, which consists in extending an input ontology with randomly generated statements, before trying to discard them automatically

On-line self-diagnosis based on power measurement for a wireless sensor node

International audienceA self-diagnosis design for wireless sensor node is a big challenge for designers. Particularly, when sensor nodes are deployed in harsh environment, it's very difficult for human to intervene in case of hardware failure of node components. In this paper, we present our novel self-diagnosis for the discrete event systems (DES) like sensor node, which includes a complete strategy of self-diagnosis based on both functional and nonfunctional tests. Our approach helps sensor node to detect automatically its component failure, and then to take a corrective solution. And then, the implementation of our approach in the real material, which is based on the results of power measurement of node component, is presented. Finally, we also indicate how to optimize our self-diagnosis to make it more energy-efficient